Francora @frenchwithguri
Francora · TEF & TCF Canada · Grammar

Phase 1 Grammar Review — 200

200 questions 10 topics · 3 levels each MCQ · Fill-in · Jumbled · Transform · Correct 80 written answers

Sentence building · gender · articles · être & avoir · -ER present · negation · prepositions. Finish all 200 and you get a map of exactly which topics are solid and which need another pass.

francora · grammaire ← Grammar hub
Exam mode

200 questions · 120 minutes

0 / 200 answered
📘 Mini-chapter — the rules this quiz tests

Mini-chapter — the rules this quiz tests

Ten sections, one screen each: the rule, a table, the trap, two examples. Read it, take the quiz, come back to any section that goes badly.

Little words à au · aux de du · des en chez others Verdict right wrong

The shades are a clue: au and du are the darker versions of à and de, because that is exactly what they are — à + le and de + le squeezed together.

A1 Sentence building

  • Rule: a French sentence runs subject + verb + the rest, and the subject is always written out, even when English would leave it understood.
  • One subject is enough: a name and a pronoun never share the same verb.
  • A describing word normally follows the noun, an adverb sits right after the verb, and place and time land at the end.
  • To join two sentences, use et (and), mais (but), parce que (because) or donc (so).
Decide — where each piece goes
What you are placingWhere it goesExample
the subjectfirst, always writtenNous sommes prêts.We are ready.
a describing wordafter the nounElle cherche une chemise blanche.She is looking for a white shirt.
a short common describing word
(grand, petit, bon, beau, jeune, vieux)
before the nounIls louent un petit appartement.They rent a small apartment.
an adverbright after the verbJe parle souvent français au travail.I often speak French at work.
a place and a timeat the endIl travaille à Ottawa le lundi.He works in Ottawa on Mondays.
a second sentenceafter et, mais, parce que, doncJe reste ici, donc je prépare le repas.I am staying here, so I am making the meal.
Separate — describing word after the noun vs before it
After the noun — the usual placeBefore the noun — the short common ones
un quartier tranquillea quiet neighbourhood un grand quartiera large neighbourhood
un livre intéressantan interesting book un vieux livrean old book
une voiture japonaisea Japanese car une belle voiturea beautiful car
Trap
Spoken habit adds a second subject; writing does not allow it. Mon frère il travaille ici → Mon frère travaille ici. The other side of the same rule: the subject can never disappear. Suis fatigué → Je suis fatigué.
Mon frère travaille à Montréal, mais il préfère Ottawa.
My brother works in Montreal, but he prefers Ottawa.
Nous cherchons un petit appartement dans ce quartier, parce que nous voulons rester ici.
We are looking for a small apartment in this neighbourhood, because we want to stay here.

B1 Noun gender

  • Rule: the ending of a noun tells you its gender most of the time.
  • Feminine endings: -tion, -sion, -té, -ette, -ance, -ure, -ie.
  • Masculine endings: -age, -ment, -eau, -isme, -ier. A handful of words go against their ending and have to be stored whole.
  • When the little word is l’, the gender is hidden, and only the describing word shows it.
Decide — read the ending, then pick the gender
EndingGenderExample
-tion, -sionfemininela question, une décisionthe question, a decision
-té, -ance, -ure, -iefemininela santé, la culture, une boulangeriehealth, culture, a bakery
-ettefeminineune baguette, la recettea baguette, the recipe
-age, -mentmasculinele fromage, un appartementthe cheese, an apartment
-eau, -isme, -iermasculinele bureau, le tourisme, un quartierthe office, tourism, a neighbourhood
the words that break the patternstore them wholele musée, le problème, la page, l’eau (feminine)the museum, the problem, the page, the water
Separate — the describing word shows the gender
Masculine nounFeminine noun
un nouveau bureaua new office une nouvelle décisiona new decision
le petit villagethe small village la petite villethe small town
l’hôtel est completthe hotel is full l’adresse est complètethe address is complete
Trap
l’ hides the gender, so the noun has to be learned with le or la from the start. Eau is feminine even though nothing on the page says so: l’eau est froid → l’eau est froide. And page is feminine in spite of its ending: le page → la page.
Je cherche une solution rapide, parce que la situation change vite.
I am looking for a quick solution, because the situation is changing fast.
Le musée est nouveau, et l’entrée est gratuite le mardi.
The museum is new, and admission is free on Tuesdays.

B2 Articles

  • Rule: le, la, l’, les point at something the listener can already identify; un, une, des present one item out of many.
  • Before a vowel or a silent h, le and la shorten to l’.
  • A French noun almost never stands bare: where English drops some, French keeps des.
  • General statements, tastes, languages and repeated days all take le, la or les.
Decide — which little word opens the noun
What you meanUseExample
something we both already knowle / la / lesJe ferme la porte.I am closing the door.
one item, first mentionun / une / desJe cherche un appartement.I am looking for an apartment.
the noun starts with a vowel or silent hl’L’école ouvre à huit heures.The school opens at eight.
a general statement or a tastele / la / lesJ’aime le café et je déteste les files d’attente.I like coffee and I hate queues.
a languageleElle étudie le français.She studies French.
a day that comes back every weekleLe samedi, je travaille.On Saturdays, I work.
Separate — the known one vs one of many
le · la · les — we know whichun · une · des — any one
Je prends le bus de huit heures.I take the eight o’clock bus — the one we both mean. Je prends un bus.I take a bus — any bus.
Elle regarde les photos.She is looking at the photos — the ones we know. Elle regarde des photos.She is looking at some photos — new ones.
Nous cherchons la sortie.We are looking for the exit. Nous cherchons une sortie.We are looking for a way out.
Trap
English says I buy fruit with nothing in front; French keeps the little word. J’achète fruits → J’achète des fruits. The same goes for a taste stated in general: J’aime café → J’aime le café.
J’achète des légumes au marché et je prépare le repas ce soir.
I buy vegetables at the market and I am making the meal tonight.
Le lundi, elle étudie l’anglais, et elle aime beaucoup les langues.
On Mondays, she studies English, and she likes languages a lot.

B3 Partitive and the squeezes

  • Rule: for an amount nobody has counted, French uses du, de la, de l’, des — some coffee, some water, some fruit.
  • à and de squeeze with le and les:

    • à + le = au
    • à + les = aux
    • de + le = du
    • de + les = des
    • while à la
    • à l’
    • de la and de l’ stay as they are
Decide — the amount, then the squeeze
What you are sayingComes out asExample
some of a masculine thingduJe bois du thé.I drink tea.
some of a feminine thingde laIl mange de la salade.He eats salad.
some of a thing starting with a vowelde l’Nous buvons de l’eau.We drink water.
some of a plural thingdesElle achète des fruits.She buys fruit.
à + le / à + lesau / auxJe vais au marché et je parle aux voisins.I am going to the market and I talk to the neighbours.
a measured amountquantity + deUn kilo de pommes, beaucoup de travail.A kilo of apples, a lot of work.
Separate — liking the thing vs taking some of it
The thing in general — le · la · lesSome of it — du · de la · des
J’aime le café.I like coffee — coffee as a whole. Je bois du café.I am drinking coffee — a certain amount of it.
Elle déteste la viande.She hates meat. Elle achète de la viande.She is buying meat.
Nous préférons les fruits.We prefer fruit. Nous mangeons des fruits.We are eating fruit.
Trap
After a negative, the amount word collapses to de: Je ne bois pas du café → Je ne bois pas de café. The one verb that keeps its little word is être: Ce n’est pas un problème (that is not a problem).
Le matin, je prends du pain et de l’eau, mais je ne bois pas de jus.
In the morning, I have bread and water, but I do not drink juice.
Nous revenons du marché avec beaucoup de légumes pour préparer la soupe.
We are coming back from the market with a lot of vegetables to make the soup.

C1 être, c’est and il est

  • Rule: être runs je suis, tu es, il / elle est, nous sommes, vous êtes, ils / elles sont (I am, you are, he is, we are, you are, they are).
  • Then the choice: c’est introduces a noun that carries its own little word, a name, or moi / toi / lui; il est and elle est introduce a bare describing word or a job with nothing in front of it.
Decide — look at what follows, then pick the opening
What followsOpeningExample
a noun with its little wordc’estC’est un bon restaurant.It is a good restaurant.
a name, or moi / toi / luic’estC’est Marie. C’est moi.It is Marie. It is me.
a bare describing word, or a jobil est / elle estElle est avocate. Il est fatigué.She is a lawyer. He is tired.
a plural nounce sontCe sont mes voisins.Those are my neighbours.
the time on the clockil estIl est huit heures.It is eight o’clock.
a reaction to the whole situationc’estC’est intéressant.That is interesting.
Separate — the bare job vs the described job
Job alone — il est / elle est, nothing in frontJob plus a describing word — c’est un / c’est une
Il est médecin.He is a doctor. C’est un bon médecin.He is a good doctor.
Elle est étudiante.She is a student. C’est une étudiante sérieuse.She is a serious student.
Il est huit heures.It is eight o’clock. C’est tôt.That is early.
Trap
A job on its own takes no little word after il est: Il est un médecin → Il est médecin. Add one describing word and the whole sentence has to switch: Il est un bon médecin → C’est un bon médecin.
Ma voisine est infirmière à l’hôpital, et c’est une infirmière très patiente.
My neighbour is a nurse at the hospital, and she is a very patient nurse.
Il est sept heures, donc nous devons partir : c’est loin.
It is seven o’clock, so we have to leave: it is far.

C2 avoir, the states and il y a

  • Rule: avoir runs j’ai, tu as, il / elle a, nous avons, vous avez, ils / elles ont (I have, you have, he has, we have, you have, they have).
  • French uses avoir where English uses to be for body states and for age, and it opens the blocks avoir besoin de (to need), avoir envie de (to feel like) and avoir mal à (to have a pain in).
  • Il y a announces what exists somewhere.
Decide — which block of avoir you need
What you meanBlockExample
a body stateavoir faim, soif, froid, chaud, peur, sommeilJ’ai faim et j’ai soif.I am hungry and thirsty.
being rightavoir raisonTu as raison.You are right.
ageavoir + number + ansElle a trente ans.She is thirty.
needing or wanting somethingavoir besoin de / avoir envie deJ’ai besoin du dossier et j’ai envie d’un café.I need the file and I feel like a coffee.
a pain somewhereavoir mal àIl a mal à la tête et mal au dos.He has a headache and a sore back.
saying what existsil y aIl y a un problème sur la ligne.There is a problem on the line.
Separate — the person feels it vs the thing or the weather is it
The person — avoirThe weather or the thing — faire / être
J’ai froid.I am cold — how I feel. Il fait froid.It is cold — the weather outside.
Nous avons chaud.We are hot. L’eau est chaude.The water is hot — the thing itself.
Elle a peur.She is afraid. La route est dangereuse.The road is dangerous.
Trap
English I am becomes French j’ai for states and age. Je suis faim → J’ai faim. Je suis trente ans → J’ai trente ans, and the word ans can never be left out: J’ai trente → J’ai trente ans.
J’ai besoin du formulaire, parce qu’il y a une erreur dans mon adresse.
I need the form, because there is a mistake in my address.
Elle a froid et elle a envie de rentrer, parce qu’il fait froid ce soir.
She is cold and she feels like going home, because it is cold tonight.

D1 -ER present tense

  • Rule: drop the -er and add -e, -es, -e, -ons, -ez, -ent.
  • Four of those endings are silent, so parle, parles and parlent all sound the same and the written ending has to come from the subject.
  • Before a vowel or a silent h, je becomes j’.
  • On takes the same ending as il and elle.
  • One French present covers both I work and I am working.
Decide — the subject gives the ending
SubjectEndingExample
je (j’ before a vowel)-eje parle, j’habiteI speak, I live
tu-estu parles, tu travaillesyou speak, you work
il / elle / on-eelle parle, on regardeshe speaks, we watch
nous-onsnous parlons, nous étudionswe speak, we study
vous-ezvous parlez, vous cherchezyou speak, you are looking for
ils / elles-entils parlent, elles arriventthey speak, they arrive
Separate — one French present, two English shapes
A habitRight now
Je travaille ici.I work here. Je travaille en ce moment.I am working right now.
Elle étudie le français.She studies French. Elle étudie ce soir.She is studying tonight.
Ils regardent les nouvelles.They watch the news. Ils regardent un film.They are watching a film.
Trap
The ear gives no help, because il parle and ils parlent sound identical, so the eye has to check the subject: Ils parle vite → Ils parlent vite. And je shortens before a vowel: je habite → j’habite.
Mes collègues arrivent à huit heures et nous commençons la réunion.
My colleagues arrive at eight and we start the meeting.
J’habite à Laval et je travaille dans un bureau, donc on voyage ensemble.
I live in Laval and I work in an office, so we travel together.

D2 -ER spelling changes

  • Rule: six families of -ER verbs change their spelling so that the sound stays even.
  • Five of them change everywhere except nous and vous; the other two, -GER and -CER, change only in the nous form.
  • Whatever the family, nous and vous keep the plain spelling of the base verb.
Decide — spot the family, then apply the change
FamilyThe changeExample
-GER (manger, voyager, changer)nous keeps the e: -eonsnous mangeons, nous voyageonswe eat, we travel
-CER (commencer, avancer, placer)nous takes ç: -çonsnous commençons, nous avançonswe start, we move forward
acheter, lever, menere → è, except nous and vousj’achète, il achète, nous achetonsI buy, he buys, we buy
préférer, répéter, espéreré → è, except nous and vousje préfère, ils préfèrent, vous préférezI prefer, they prefer, you prefer
appeler, jeterdouble letter, except nous and vousj’appelle, elle appelle, nous appelonsI call, she calls, we call
-YER (payer, envoyer, essayer)y → i, except nous and vousje paie, ils paient, nous payonsI pay, they pay, we pay
Separate — the changed form vs the plain nous and vous
The form that changesnous / vous, plain spelling
J’achète le pain.I buy the bread. Nous achetons le pain.We buy the bread.
Je préfère le thé.I prefer tea. Vous préférez le thé.You prefer tea.
Elle appelle le bureau.She calls the office. Nous appelons le bureau.We call the office.
Trap
The -GER and -CER families work the other way round from the rest: they leave every form alone and change only nous. nous mangons → nous mangeons, nous commencons → nous commençons.
Nous commençons à sept heures et nous mangeons à midi.
We start at seven and we eat at noon.
J’achète les billets et je paie en ligne, mais nous préférons partir tôt.
I buy the tickets and I pay online, but we prefer to leave early.

E1 Negation

  • Rule: negation is two pieces wrapped around the conjugated verb: ne in front, pas behind.
  • Before a vowel, ne becomes n’. Swap pas for jamais, plus, rien or personne to change the meaning; as subjects, rien and personne come first and keep ne: Rien ne marche (nothing works), Personne ne répond (nobody answers).
  • To contradict a negative question, answer si: Tu ne viens pas ? — Si, je viens (Are you not coming? — Yes, I am).
Decide — which second piece carries your meaning
What you meanUseExample
plain none … pasJe ne comprends pas.I do not understand.
neverne … jamaisIl ne fume jamais.He never smokes.
not any morene … plusNous ne travaillons plus ici.We do not work here any more.
nothingne … rienElle ne dit rien.She says nothing.
nobodyne … personneJe ne connais personne ici.I know nobody here.
the verb starts with a voweln’ … pasIl n’aime pas ce quartier.He does not like this neighbourhood.
Separate — one verb vs two verbs
One verb — wrap itTwo verbs — wrap only the first one
Je ne travaille pas.I do not work. Je ne veux pas travailler.I do not want to work.
Elle ne sort pas ce soir.She is not going out tonight. Elle ne peut pas sortir ce soir.She cannot go out tonight.
Il ne vient pas.He is not coming. Il ne va pas venir.He is not going to come.
Trap
Speech drops ne, writing never does: Je sais pas → Je ne sais pas. And after the negative, un, une, du and des all turn into de: Je n’ai pas un stylo → Je n’ai pas de stylo, except after être: Ce n’est pas un problème.
Je ne connais personne ici et je n’ai pas de voiture.
I know nobody here and I do not have a car.
Elle ne veut plus travailler le samedi, mais elle ne dit rien à son patron.
She does not want to work on Saturdays any more, but she says nothing to her boss.

F1 Prepositions of place

  • Rule: a town takes à; a country depends on gender and number — en for feminine and for any country starting with a vowel, au for masculine, aux for plural.
  • Origin runs on the same pattern with de, du, des.
  • Position words that end in de squeeze with le and les (à côté du parc, en face des magasins, près du métro, loin de la gare), while dans, sur, sous, devant, derrière and entre add nothing.
  • Transport takes en when you sit inside (en voiture, en train, en avion) and à when you do not (à pied, à vélo).
Decide — what comes after the little word
What comes nextUseExample
a townàJ’habite à Toronto.I live in Toronto.
a feminine country, or one starting with a vowelenElle travaille en France, il vit en Iran.She works in France, he lives in Iran.
a masculine countryauNous allons au Portugal.We are going to Portugal.
a plural countryauxIls vivent aux États-Unis.They live in the United States.
where you come fromde / du / desJe viens de France, il vient du Maroc.I come from France, he comes from Morocco.
a person, or their workplacechezJe vais chez le dentiste.I am going to the dentist.
Separate — chez vs à
chez — a personà — a place with a name
Je vais chez le médecin.I am going to the doctor. Je vais à la clinique.I am going to the clinic.
Elle reste chez elle.She is staying at her place. Elle reste à la maison.She is staying at home.
Nous mangeons chez Paul.We are eating at Paul’s. Nous mangeons au restaurant.We are eating at the restaurant.
Trap
Do not mix the two families of position words. Devant takes nothing: devant de la banque → devant la banque. Près needs its de: près la gare → près de la gare. And a vowel beats the gender: au Iran → en Iran.
Mes parents vivent au Maroc, mais ma sœur habite à Calgary, près du centre.
My parents live in Morocco, but my sister lives in Calgary, near the centre.
Je vais chez le dentiste en voiture, et je rentre à pied.
I go to the dentist by car, and I come home on foot.
Francora · @frenchwithguri Phase 1 Grammar Review · 200